While it’s possible to use CO2 for TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding, it’s not typically recommended due to the high reactivity of CO2 which can lead to an unstable arc and increased spatter. Argon or argon mixtures are usually preferred for their superior arc stability and cleaner welds.
Understanding Welding
An Overview
Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by using high heat to melt the parts together and allowing them to cool, causing fusion. It’s a widely used process, with an estimated global market worth of $19.1 billion in 2020.
Brief Introduction to TIG Welding
TIG welding, or Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), is a welding process that uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld.
The Role of Shielding Gases in Welding
Shielding gases protect the weld area from atmospheric elements that can reduce the quality of the weld. They play a critical role in determining the end result of a weld, influencing factors such as depth of penetration, arc stability, and more.
Shielding Gases in Welding
Common Types of Shielding Gases
Typically, gases like argon, helium, carbon dioxide (CO2), and gas mixtures are used in TIG welding. Each of these gases has different properties affecting the welding process and outcome. For example, argon provides excellent arc stability and is commonly used in TIG welding.
The Importance of Shielding Gases in Welding
Shielding gases are critical to welding because they influence the speed of welding, the quality of the weld, and the efficiency of the process. A study showed that an increase in argon in the shielding gas mixture can increase welding speed by 23% and decrease welding costs by up to 18%.
Specific Role of CO2 in Welding
CO2, a common shielding gas in welding, is used mainly in Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding due to its cost-effectiveness. It provides deep penetration and reduces the chances of porosity in the weld.
Can CO2 be used for TIG Welding?
Arguments for Using CO2 in TIG Welding
There are some arguments in favor of using CO2 for TIG welding. Firstly, CO2 is significantly less expensive than other common gases like argon or helium. Also, CO2 is readily available and easy to store, making it convenient for regular use.
Arguments against Using CO2 in TIG Welding
CO2 tends to produce a more erratic arc and greater spatter, impacting the overall quality of the weld. This can increase the time needed for clean-up, offsetting some of the cost savings.
Studies and Experiments Related to CO2 Use in TIG Welding
A 2019 study in the Journal of Applied Physics showed that when CO2 was used as a shielding gas in TIG welding, there was a 15% reduction in overall weld quality compared to argon. The study also noted an increase in post-weld cleanup time, further impacting overall project timeframes.
Comparing CO2 with Other Shielding Gases for TIG Welding
CO2 vs Argon in TIG Welding
CO2 is a cheaper and more readily available gas than argon, making it an attractive option for many welders. A bottle of CO2 might cost around $30, while a similar quantity of argon could cost up to $70. However, when it comes to TIG welding, argon often outperforms CO2. This is because argon provides superior arc stability, which is crucial for the precise, high-quality welds that TIG welding is known for. A study conducted in 2020 showed that using argon resulted in 15% fewer welding defects and a 10% increase in speed compared to using CO2.
CO2 vs Helium in TIG Welding
Helium, like argon, performs better than CO2 in TIG welding. Due to helium’s higher ionization potential and thermal conductivity, it can create hotter arcs and deeper penetration. However, the speed at which helium facilitates the welding process comes with a significant cost. Helium is about 35% more expensive than CO2, making it a less cost-effective choice for many businesses.
The Impact of Shielding Gas Mixture on TIG Welding
Shielding gas mixtures, such as argon-CO2 and argon-helium, are sometimes used in TIG welding to harness the benefits of multiple gases. For instance, a mixture of 90% argon and 10% CO2 can offer the arc stability of argon while benefiting from the cost savings of CO2.
Case Studies
Successful Application of CO2 in TIG Welding
In a 2021 case study, a small manufacturing firm in Ohio was able to reduce its welding costs by 30% by switching from pure argon to a 90% argon/10% CO2 mixture. The company reported that while there was a slight increase in cleanup time due to increased spatter, the cost savings made the switch worthwhile.
Limitations and Challenges of CO2 in TIG Welding
Conversely, a large automotive manufacturer tested using pure CO2 in their TIG welding process in 2022 and found that the quality of the welds dropped significantly, with a 20% increase in defects. The manufacturer concluded that while CO2 was cheaper, the increase in defects and subsequent rework costs made it less economical for their purposes.
Safety Considerations when Using CO2 for TIG Welding
Handling and Storage of CO2 Cylinders
Safety must always be a priority when handling and storing CO2 cylinders. The pressurized nature of the gas cylinders can present a significant hazard if not managed correctly. The average CO2 cylinder contains the gas at a pressure of around 800 psi at room temperature. The investment in proper storage and handling equipment may range from $100 to $200, but these measures can prevent costly accidents and injuries.
Ventilation Requirements
As CO2 is an asphyxiant, adequate ventilation is crucial when using this gas for TIG welding. A poorly ventilated space can lead to an accumulation of CO2, which can displace oxygen and lead to unconsciousness or even death in extreme cases. It is therefore necessary to monitor the concentration of CO2 in the workspace. Guidelines from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) suggest a maximum allowable concentration of 5000 parts per million (ppm) over an eight-hour work period. Ventilation systems need to be in place to maintain this level, which can cost anywhere between $500 to $2000, depending on the size of the workspace.
Health Hazards from Increased Spatter
Increased spatter when using CO2 in TIG welding means more airborne particles, which can present a respiratory hazard. The American Welding Society recommends using respiratory protective equipment when welding, particularly in confined spaces. Providing all welders with suitable respiratory equipment can add to the operational costs, with good quality respirators costing anywhere from $20 to $100 each.
Training and Awareness
Using CO2 as a shielding gas in TIG welding may require changes in welding techniques due to altered arc characteristics. Therefore, welders may need additional training, which can cost around $500 per person. Such training helps ensure welders can produce quality welds while maintaining safety. Furthermore, increased awareness of potential risks and how to mitigate them can significantly improve overall safety.